Analysis of Significant Genes and Pathways in Esophageal Cancer Based on Gene Expression Omnibus Database / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective To screen antigen targets for immunotherapy by analyzing over-expressed genes, and to identify significant pathways and molecular mechanisms in esophageal cancer by using bioinformatic methods such as enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and survival analysis based on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database.Methods By screening with highly expressed genes, we mainly analyzed proteins MUC13 and EPCAM with transmembrane domain and antigen epitope from TMHMM and IEDB websites. Significant genes and pathways associated with the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer were identified using enrichment analysis, PPI network, and survival analysis. Several software and platforms including Prism 8, R language, Cytoscape, DAVID, STRING, and GEPIA platform were used in the search and/or figure creation.Results Genes MUC13 and EPCAM were over-expressed with several antigen epitopes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissue. Enrichment analysis revealed that the process of keratinization was focused and a series of genes were related with the development of esophageal cancer. Four genes including ALDH3A1, C2, SLC6A1,and ZBTB7C were screened with significant P value of survival curve.Conclusions Genes MUC13 and EPCAM may be promising antigen targets or biomarkers for esophageal cancer. Keratinization may greatly impact the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer. Genes ALDH3A1, C2, SLC6A1,and ZBTB7C may play important roles in the development of esophageal cancer.

Clinical features of 19 patients with SIL-TAL1-positive T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To assess the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with SIL-TAL1-positive T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) . Methods: The clinical data of 19 SIL-TAL1-positive T-ALL patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University between January 2014 and February 2022 were retrospectively computed and contrasted with SIL-TAL1-negative T-ALL patients. Results: The median age of the 19 SIL-TAL1-positive T-ALL patients was 15 (7 to 41 years) , including 16 males (84.2%) . SIL-TAL1-positive T-ALL patients had younger age, higher WBC, and hemoglobin compared with SIL-TAL1-negative T-ALL patients. There was no discrepancy in gender distribution, PLT, chromosome abnormality distribution, immunophenotyping, and complete remission (CR) rate. The 3-year overall survival (OS) was 60.9% and 74.4%, respectively (HR=2.070, P=0.071) . The 3-year relapse-free survival (RFS) was 49.2% and 70.6%, respectively (HR=2.275, P=0.040) . The 3-year RFS rate of SIL-TAL1-positive T-ALL patients was considerably lower than SIL-TAL1-negative T-ALL patients. Conclusion: SIL-TAL1-positive T-ALL patients were connected to younger age, higher WBC, higher HGB, and poor outcome.

Mortality trend of chronic respiratory diseases in China, 1990-2019 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To analyze mortality and its trend of chronic respiratory diseases (CRD) in China from 1990 to 2019. Methods: Based on the provincial results of China from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, the average annual percent change (AAPC) of standardized mortality rates of different CRDs were analyzed by using Joinpoint 4.8.0.1, and the age-standardized mortality rate of CRD was calculated by using the GBD 2019 world standard population. Based on the comparative risk assessment theory of GBD, the attributable deaths due to 12 CRD risk factors were estimated, including smoking, indoor air pollution, occupational gas exposure, particulates and smog exposure, environmental particulate pollution, low temperature, passive smoking, ozone pollution, occupational exposure to silica, occupational asthma, high body mass index, high temperature and occupational exposure to asbestos. Results: From 1990 to 2019, the number of deaths and standardized mortality of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) showed a downward trend (P<0.001). The number of COPD deaths decreased from 1 244 000 (912 000 - 1 395 000) in 1990 to 1 037 000 (889 000 - 1 266 000) in 2019. AAPC=-0.9% (95%CI: -1.5% - -0.3%), P<0.001; The standardized mortality rate decreased from 217.9/100 000 (163.3/100 000 - 242.0/100 000) in 1990 to 65.2/100 000 (55.5/100 000 - 80.1/100 000) in 2019. AAPC= -4.2% (95%CI:-5.2% - -3.2%), P<0.001. The number of deaths from asthma decreased from 40 000 (30 000 - 58 000) in 1990 to 25 000 (20 000 - 31 000) in 2019. AAPC=-2.0% (95%CI: -2.6% - -1.4%), P<0.001; The standardized mortality rate of asthma decreased from 6.4/100 000 (4.7/100 000 - 9.5/100 000) in 1990 to 1.5/100 000 (1.2/100 000 - 1.9/100 000) in 2019. AAPC=-5.1% (95%CI: -5.8% - -4.4%), P<0.001. The number of pneumoconiosis deaths decreased from 11 000 (8 000 - 14 000) in 1990 to 10 000 (8 000 - 14 000) in 2019, AAPC=-0.2%(95%CI:-0.4% - 0.1%), P=0.200; The standardized mortality rate of pneumoconiosis decreased from 1.4/100 000 (1.0/100 000 - 1.7/100 000) in 1990 to 0.5/100 000 (0.4/100 000 - 0.7/100 000) in 2019. AAPC=-3.1% (95%CI: -3.4% - -2.8%), P<0.001. The number of deaths from pulmonary interstitial diseases and pulmonary sarcoidosis increased from 3 000 (3 000 - 6 000) in 1990 to 8 000 (6 000 - 10 000) in 2019, AAPC=3.5% (95%CI: 2.7% - 4.2%), P<0.001; The corresponding standardized mortality rate changed little from 1990 to 2019, and AAPC was not statistically significant.The age-standardized mortality rates of different CRDs were higher in men than those in women. In 1990 and 2019, the mortality rates of COPD, asthma, pneumoconiosis and interstitial pulmonary disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis increased with age. In 2019, the population attributable fractions (PAFs) for smoking, environmental particulate pollution, occupational gas exposure, particulate and smog exposure, low temperature exposure and passive smoking were 71.1% (68.0% - 74.3%), 24.7% (20.1% - 30.0%), 19.3% (13.0% - 25.4%), 15.7% (13.6% - 18.3%) and 8.8% (4.5% - 13.1%) respectively in men, and the PAFs for environmental particulate pollution, smoking, low temperature exposure, occupational gas exposure, particulate and smog exposure, and passive smoking were 24.1% (19.6% - 29.3%), 21.9% (18.7% - 25.2%), 16.4% (14.0% - 19.2%), 15.6% (10.2% - 21.1%) and 14.7% (7.9% - 21.3%) respectively in women. Conclusions: During 1990-2019, the overall death level of CRD decreased significantly in China, but it is still at high level in the world. Active prevention and control measures should be taken to reduce the death level caused by CRD.

Comparative study on prognosis of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by hepatic surgery versus upfront surgery in patients with synchronous colorectal liver metastasis / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective: To compare the survival outcome in patients with synchronous colorectal cancer liver metastasis receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by hepatic surgery versus upfront surgery strategies. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out. Data of patients undergoing surgery at the Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Unit I of Peking University Cancer Hospital from January 2008 to December 2018 for initially resectable synchronous colorectal liver metastasis were retrospectively collected. A total of 282 cases were enrolled, including 244 in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group, 38 in the upfront surgery first group. The overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of the two groups were compared. A propensity score risk adjustment was used to eliminate potential bias between groups, and the covariates including sex, age, location of primary tumor, T stage, clinical risk score (CRS), RAS gene status, adjuvant chemotherapy, and resection margin status were included for adjustment. Results: In the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group, 244 cases received 4 (1-15) cycles of chemotherapy before hepatic resection, among whom 207 cases received oxaliplatin-based regimens, 37 cases received irinotecan-based regimens, and 90 cases received combined targeted agents in the first line treatment. The median follow-up time was 30 (5-134) months, and loss of follow-up was 1%. Before adjustment, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the 1-year and 3-year OS rates in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group (95.1% and 66.4%) were better than those in the upfront surgery first group (94.7% and 51.5%, P=0.026); 1-year and 3-year PFS rates in neoadjuvant chemotherapy group (51.0% and 23.4%) were also better than those in surgery first group (39.5% and 11.5%, P=0.039). After propensity score risk adjustment, Cox multivariate analysis indicated that neoadjuvant chemotherapy was an independent protective factor of PFS (HR=0.664, 95% CI: 0.449-0.982, P=0.040), however, neoadjuvant chemotherapy was not an independent protective factor of OS (HR=0.651, 95% CI: 0.393-1.079, P=0.096). Subgroup analysis showed that the 1-year and 3-year OS rates in the patients with response to the first line treatment (194, including complete remission, partial remission and reduction but not partial remission) (96.9% and 67.1%) were better than those in the upfront surgery group (94.7% and 51.5%, P=0.026) after adjustment. However, the 1-year and 3-year OS rates in the patients without response to the first line treatment (50, including tumor progression or enlargement) were 90.0% and 63.3%, respectively, which were not significantly different with 94.7% and 51.5% in the upfront surgery group (P=0.310) after adjustment. Conclusions: For patients with resectable synchronous colorectal cancer liver metastasis, liver resection after neoadjuvant chemotherapy can provide longer PFS than upfront surgery. Although the whole OS benefit is not significant, patients with effective neoadjuvant first-line chemotherapy have better OS than those undergoing upfront surgery.

Mortality and years of life lost of colorectal cancer in China, 2005-2020: findings from the national mortality surveillance system / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth cause of cancer death in China. We aimed to provide national and subnational estimates and changes of CRC premature mortality burden during 2005-2020.@*METHODS@#Data from multi-source on the basis of the national surveillance mortality system were used to estimate mortality and years of life lost (YLL) of CRC in the Chinese population during 2005-2020. Estimates were generated and compared for 31 provincial-level administrative divisions in China.@*RESULTS@#Estimated CRC deaths increased from 111.41 thousand in 2005 to 178.02 thousand in 2020; age-standardized mortality rate decreased from 10.01 per 100,000 in 2005 to 9.68 per 100,000 in 2020. Substantial reduction in CRC premature mortality burden, as measured by age-standardized YLL rate, was observed with a reduction of 10.20% nationwide. Marked differences were observed in the geographical patterns of provincial units, and they appeared to be obvious in areas with higher economic development. Population aging was the dominant driver which contributed to the increase in CRC deaths, followed by population growth and age-specific mortality change.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Substantial discrepancies were observed in the premature mortality burden of CRC across China. Targeted considerations were needed to promote a healthy lifestyle, expand cost-effective CRC early screening and diagnosis, and improve medical treatment to reduce CRC mortality among high-risk populations and regions with inadequate healthcare resources.

Preparation of nanoemulsion spray from Moslae Herba volatile oil and its antibacterial activity / 中国中药杂志

Moslae Herba is a commonly used aromatic Chinese medicinal with volatile oil as the main effective component and exhibits broad-spectrum antibacterial and antiviral effects. However, the irritation and instability of Moslae Herba volatile oil necessitate the preparation into a specific dosage form. In this study, the steam distillation method was employed to extract the Moslae Herba volatile oil. The content of thymol and carvacrol in Moslae Herba volatile oil was determined by HPLC as(0.111 9±0.001 0) and(0.235 4±0.004 7) mg·mL~(-1), respectively. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams and surfactants compounding were applied in the selection of the optimal excipients(surfactant and cosurfactant). On this basis, a nanoemulsion was prepared from the Moslae Herba volatile oil and then loaded into pressure vessels to get sprays, whose stability and antibacterial activity were evaluated afterward. With clarity, viscosity, smell and body feeling as comprehensive indexes, the optimal formulation of the Moslae Herba volatile oil nanoemulsion was determined as follows: Moslae Herba volatile oil∶peppermint oil∶cremophor EL∶absolute ethanol∶distilled water 7.78∶1.58∶19.26∶6.15∶65.23. The as-prepared nanoemulsion was a light yellow transparent liquid, with Tyndall effect shown under the irradiation of parallel light. It has the pH of 5.50, conductivity of 125.9 μS·cm~(-1), average particle size of 15.45 nm, polydispersity index(PDI) of 0.156, and Zeta potential of-17.9 mV. Under a transmission electron microscope, the Moslae Herba volatile oil nanoemulsion was presented as regular spheres without adhesion and agglomeration. Stability test revealed that the Moslae Herba volatile oil nanoemulsion was stable at 4-55 ℃, which was free from demulsification and stratification within 30 days. After the centrifugation at 12 000 r·min~(-1) for 30 min, there was no stratification either. The nanoemulsion had good inhibitory effects on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and resistant S. aureus strains, with the minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.39, 3.12 and 1.56 mg·mL~(-1), respectively. The above results demonstrated that the nanoemulsion was prepared feasibly and showed stable physical and chemical properties and good antibacterial effects. This study provides a practicable technical solution for the development of anti-epidemic and anti-infection products from Moslae Herba volatile oil.

Discrimination and Quantification of Gleditisa sinensis Powder with Adulterants Using NIR Combined with Pattern Recognition Analysis / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To discriminate and quantify of Gleditsia japonica Miq. thorn (SZJ) and Gleditsia microphylla Gordon ex Y. T. Lee thorn (YZJ) in the Gleditsia sinensis Lam thorn (GST). METHODS: Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIR) combined with linear discriminate analysis (LDA), support vector machine (SVM), as while as back propagation neural network (BPNN) algorithms were applied to construct the identification models. The SZJ and YZJ content in adulterated GST were determined by partial least squares regression (PLSR). RESULTS: The SVM models performance best compared with LDA and BP-NN models for it could reach 100% accuracy in training and validation set for identifying authentic GST and GST adulterated with SZJ and YZJ based on the spectral region of 5 000-4 200 cm-1 combined with SG+VN processing. The rp, RMSEP (the root mean standard error of prediction) and bias for the prediction by PLS regression model were 0.993, 2.919% and -0.330 3 for SZJ, 0.995, 2.57% and 0.364 9 for YZJ, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the combination of NIR spectroscopy and chemometric methods offers a simple, fast and reliable method for classifification and quantifification of SZJ and YZJ adulterants in the GST.

Quality of the pit and fissure sealant program for children in Xi'an from 2010 to 2018 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the quality of the first permanent molars pit and fissure sealant for school-aged children in Xi'an from 2010 to 2018, and to provide a reference for preventing dental caries.@*Methods@#A total of 5 871 children were selected from different regions from 2010 to 2018 by cluster random sampling method for the quality inspection of pit and fissure sealant.@*Results@#The quality of pit and fissure sealant has been improved by year in Xi'an ( χ 2=1 326.39, P <0.01). The rate of intact sealant was 92.57% in 2018. The quality of project and reservation rate in rural areas(64.23%, 76.83%) were worse than those in urban (84.17%, 90.80%) and suburban areas(84.21%, 91.88%)( χ 2=310.58, 296.52, P <0.01); The quality of pit and fissure sealant was highest in tertiary hospitals(87.28%, 91.07%), followed by private hospitals(84.60%, 91.43%), primary hospitals(84.42%, 92.02%), secondary hospitals(72.79%, 84.45%)( P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#The quality of pit and fissure sealant in Xi'an reached the national requirement, but there is obvious gap between town and country, the quality of project varied substantially across medical institutions .Training and supervision should be strengthened in the future work.

Progress of researches on the involvement of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase in regulation of parasite-host immune interactions / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an important immunoregulatory enzyme, which mediates immune effects by depleting tryptophan and producing multiple metabolites. Recently, the studies on the immune function of IDO have been mostly restricted in tumors and autoimmune diseases. Nevertheless, there are few studies pertaining to the role of IDO in parasitic diseases, notably in parasite-host immune interactions. This review mainly describes IDO-mediated immunoregulatory effects and its regulation of parasite-host interactions, so as to provide insights into the development of immune intervention schemes against parasitic diseases.

Screening and bioinformatic analysis of trehalase in Thelazia callipaeda / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To characterize the trehalase gene in Thelazia callipaeda through screening the annotated data of the T. callipaeda genome, and to investigate the biological characteristics of the trehalase gene-coding protein. Methods The trehalase gene was screened from the T. callipaeda genome and subjected to validation by using a PCR assay. The structural features of the coding protein were analyzed with bioinformatics tools, including hydrophobicity, transmembrane region, signal peptides, conserved domains, as well as the secondary and tertiary structures and the antigen epitope. Homology analysis of the amino acid sequences was performed, and the phylogenetic tree was built by the MEGA X software. In addition, the protein-protein interaction network was deduced from the STRING database. Results The sequence of the trehalase gene with the complete CDS region was obtained from T. callipaeda genome, which had a length of 1 638 bp and encoded 545 amino acids. The encoded protein was predicted to have a molecular weight of 63 478.48 ku and be a secretory protein. The 5′ domain of the encoded protein contained a signal peptide without transmembrane regions, and was predicted to contain 7 antigen epitopes. Based on the protein-protein interaction network of nematodes in the STRING database, the protein-protein interaction network of the trehalase gene of T. callipaeda was deduced, and 27 interactions covering 10 genes were identified. Conclusions A trehalase gene is successfully identified in T. callipaeda genome and its coding protein receives a bioinformatics analysis, which provides insights into the research on the biological functions of the protein and the screening of vaccine candidates for thelaziasis callipaeda.

Caries-inhibiting effect of topical fluorides for 5 to 6-years old children in two urban districts of Xi’an / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the effect of a preschool-based fluoride application on early childhood caries (ECC) prevention among 5 to 6-years old children in two urban districts of Xi’an.@*Methods@#This cross-sectional study was conducted by using a two-stage cluster method. A total of 564 children aged 5 to 6-years old from eight preschools were recruited for this study. Each participant was assessed dental caries and debris index. Time and materical for topical fluorine application was recorded. Parents/guardians completed a structured self-administered questionnaire, which included demographic, family and social factors (educational level of parents,household monthly income, etc). Children’s oral health related behaviors (age to start brushing, brushing tooth frequency, parents supports in child’s teeth brushing, and whether use fluoride toothpaste); dietary habit (frequency of dessert, desert before sleep, dental discomfort within 12 months, visits to dentist within 12 months). The status of dental caries was shown in the form of the mean dmft and the prevalence of ECC.@*Results@#The prevalence of ECC and mean dmft of children was 63.8% and (3.00±3.33) respectively. Among the 294 children aged 5-6 years old, the average intervention time was (4.83±1.00), 33.7% of the children only applied fluorine vanish, 66.3% of the children applied fluorine vanish and fluorine foam. The prevalence of ECC was 53.5%, 63.1% and 68.1% in the children who applied fluorine vanish, fluorine vanish and fluorinated foam, no fluoride, respectively. The mean dmft was (2.45±3.42)(2.83±3.04) and (3.32±3.47), respectively, with statistically significant differences(χ2/F=6.77, 7.08, P<0.05). According to binary Logistic regression equation analysis, the application of fluorine vanish was negatively associated with the prevealence of ECC(OR<1.00). High frequency of dessert intake, low degree of oral hygiene and late start of brushing teeth was positively associated with deciduous teeth caries(OR>1.00). Negative binomial regression analysis of dmft was independent of local fluoride intervention(P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#The effect of preschool-based fluoride intervention to prevent ECC was limited. It is necessary to improve the effect of intervention for children, carry out targeted health education，encourage parents to intervene eating and brushing behavior of children as early as possible.

Study on mechanism of total alkaloids of Sophora flavescens against Staphylococcus epidermidis / 中草药

Objective: To detect the effect of alkaloids of Sophora flavescens on biofilm formation in Staphylococcus epidermidis in vitro, and to observe whether total alkaloids of S. flavescens can affect the tolerance of Staphylococcus epidermidis to lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide, then explore the possible anti-microbial mechanism of alkaloids in Sophora flavescens. Methods: The biofilm of Staphylococcus epidermidis was prepared in vitro. We evaluated the effect of alkaloids in S. flavescens on the biofilm-forming ability of Staphylococcus epidermidis via 96-well cell culture microtiter plates with crystal violet staining as well as Congo red experiment. The biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus was observed using scanning electron microscope. Then, we measured the change of tolerance to oxidative stress and sensibility to antibiotics for Staphylococcus epidermidis being treated by alkaloids in S. flavescens Ait. qRT-PCR analysis was performed to show the relative transcript level of serp2195 and gpxA-2 upon Staphylococcus epidermidis strain exposed to alkaloids in S. flavescens at different concentrations. Results: Alkaloids in S. flavescens significantly prevented biofilm formation in Staphylococcus epidermidis (P < 0.001) at the concentration of 5.0 mg/mL during crystal violet staining and Congo red experiment, and thus weakened tolerance to oxidative stress and enhanced sensibility to lactate for Staphylococcus epidermidis. Alkaloids in S. flavescens could downregulate the transcript level of serp2195 and gpxA-2. Conclusion: Alkaloids in S. flavescens has a significant inhibitory effect on biofilm formation of Staphylococcus epidermidis, which weakens the tolerance of bacteria to oxidative stress. The mechanism may be realized by downregulating the transcript level of serp2195 and gpxA-2, and alkaloids in S. flavescens could reduce Staphylococcus epidermidis tolerance to lactic acid. To sum up, Alkaloids in S. flavescens can be applied to the gynecological infection caused by biofilm-producing bacteria.

Diagnosis and treatment of pleural cavity disease in children with thoracoscope / 中国实用儿科杂志

Thoracoscopy has a high diagnostic and therapeutic value in adult pleural cavity diseases and it is safe and effective. However,in our country thoracoscopy is applied in children later and the experience is less than in the adult. Thoracoscopy is mainly used for the diagnosis and treatment of the children's pleural cavity diseases,such as pyothorax,tuberculous pleurisy,pneumothorax, hemothorax,chylothorax,pleural cavity mass,and pleural cavity foreign body,et al. This paper introduces the classification and development history of thoracoscopy and its clinical application in children with pleural cavity diseases.

An in vitro study on interaction of anisodine and monocrotaline with organic cation transporters of the SLC22 and SLC47 families / 中国天然药物

Current study systematically investigated the interaction of two alkaloids, anisodine and monocrotaline, with organic cation transporter OCT1, 2, 3, MATE1 and MATE2-K by using in vitro stably transfected HEK293 cells. Both anisodine and monocrotaline inhibited the OCTs and MATE transporters. The lowest IC was 12.9 µmol·L of anisodine on OCT1 and the highest was 1.8 mmol·L of monocrotaline on OCT2. Anisodine was a substrate of OCT2 (K = 13.3 ± 2.6 µmol·L and V = 286.8 ± 53.6 pmol/mg protein/min). Monocrotaline was determined to be a substrate of both OCT1 (K = 109.1 ± 17.8 µmol·L, V = 576.5 ± 87.5 pmol/mg protein/min) and OCT2 (K = 64.7 ± 14.8 µmol·L, V = 180.7 ± 22.0 pmol/mg protein/min), other than OCT3 and MATE transporters. The results indicated that OCT2 may be important for renal elimination of anisodine and OCT1 was responsible for monocrotaline uptake into liver. However neither MATE1 nor MATE2-K could facilitate transcellular transport of anisodine and monocrotaline. Accumulation of these drugs in the organs with high OCT1 expression (liver) and OCT2 expression (kidney) may be expected.

Investigation for molecular network and biological functions of Kuntai Capsule baesd on bioinformatics analysis / 中草药

Objective To investigate the potential molecular functions and the involved signaling network of Heyan®Kuntai Capsules (HYKTc) based on the ingredient-gene targets clustering by means of bioinformatics analysis. Methods The ingredients in HYKTc were obtained by the combination of previous LC-ESI-MS/MS method and searched through Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology databases. Further the gene ontology (GO) and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed with Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) tools. Results A total of 29 chemicals were obtained in which 21 chemicals were identified by LC-ESI-MS/MS method. Afterwards, 186 gene targets were acquired in the databases. The HYKTc-gene targets clustering were highly enriched in central nervous system, breast, and ovary. Subsequent GO analysis showed that these gene targets were significantly located in the cytosol, mitochondria and extracellular matrix, mainly functioning as lipase, kinase and oxidoreductase activity. Besides, KEGG results found that these targets were involved in the PI3K-Akt, mTOR, and insulin signaling pathways. Conclusions Using TCM databases searching combined with bioinformatics methods, the potential explanations for the clinical efficiency of HYKTc were proveded for further clinical applications.

Impact of Remote Ischemic Conditioning on Circulating miR-208b Level and Cardiac Function in Patients With ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Angioplasty / 中国循环杂志

Objectives: To investigate whether remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) applied to patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) could affect circulating miR-208b level or not. Methods:Patients diagnosed with STEMI undergoing PCI from January 2016 to July 2017 were enrolled from the Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University.The patients were randomly allocated to two groups: (1) control group (n=25), PCI alone; (2) RIC group (n=50), PCI combined with RIC (three cycles of 5 min inflation and 5 min deflation of the right lower limb with blood pressure cuff performed before reperfusion). Serum miR-208b was measured before and immediately, at 24 h, and 48 h after PCI with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: The expression of miR-208b was significantly higher immediately post PCI than that before operation in the control group (84.1±9.0 vs 77.8±9.4; P=0.032), while it was significantly lower immediately post PCI than that before operationin RIC group (71.0±9.3 vs 77.4±8.8; P=0.028).miR-208b level was similar before PCI between the control and RIC groups (P=0.874), which was significantly reduced immediately post PCI in RIC group as compared with the control group (P=0.021).The peak value of creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) in the limb RIC group was significantly lower than that in the control group ([135.2±18.6] U/L vs [167.7±17.2] U/L; P=0.038).The area under the CK-MB curve of the RIC group was significantly smaller than that of the control group ([3 060.7±17.1] U/L vs [3 635.9±15.1] U/L); P=0.047]. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in RIC group was significantly higher than that in the control group ([57.8±7.8]% vs [51.9±7.9]%; P=0.003) post PCI. The expression level of serum miR-208b was positively correlated with CK-MB AUC in RIC group (r=0.498, P<0.001). Conclusions: RIC of the lower limb prior to PCI could reduce miR-208b level and improve cardiac functionin STEMI patients.

Wogonoside reverses cisplatin resistance in SGC7901/cDDP cells through inhibition of PI3K/Akt/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway / 生理学报

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of wogonoside (WGS) on the cisplatin (cDDP) resistance in human gastric carcinoma SGC7901/cDDP cells and its possible mechanism. The drug-resistant SGC7901/cDDP cells were established by stepwise exposure to cDDP. CCK-8 assay was employed to detect the cytotoxic effect of WGS and cDDP on SGC7901/cDDP cells, and the combined effect of WGS and cDDP was analyzed by Chou-Talalay method. Flow cytometry was used to determine the apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) gene was knocked down by using the short hairpin RNA (shRNA) approach. The protein levels of Nrf2, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), glutathione S transferase-π (GST-π), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), cleaved Capase-3, p-Akt and Akt were detected by Western blotting. The result showed that after various concentrations of WGS and/or cDDP treatment for 48 h, the cell viability was remarkably reduced in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). When the inhibition rate exceeded 16%, the combination of WGS and cDDP produced a synergistic effect. The protein levels of p-Akt, Nrf2 and MRP1 in SGC7901/cDDP cells were higher than those in SGC7901 cells (P < 0.05). WGS and LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) both remarkably decreased the phosphorylation level of Akt (P < 0.05), down-regulated the protein level of Nrf2 (P < 0.05), increased the content of ROS (P < 0.05), up-regulated the protein level of cleaved Caspase-3 (P < 0.05), and induced apoptosis (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) decreased apoptosis and oxidative stress reaction induced by WGS (P < 0.05). WGS and Nrf2 gene silencing both down-regulated the protein levels of NQO1, GST-π and MRP1 (P < 0.05). These results suggest that WGS may reverse cDDP resistance in SGC7901/cDDP cells through blocking the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway, thus enhancing the cytotoxicity of cDDP and inducing oxidative stress reaction and apoptosis.

Resveratrol attenuates inflammatory pain induced by complete Freund's adjuvant via NF-κB signaling pathway in a mouse model / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the anti-inflammatory action of resveratrol(Res)and its correlation with nu-clear factor-κB(NF-κB)signaling pathway in a mouse model of inflammatory pain.METHODS:BALB/c mice(n=60) were randomly divided into 6 groups:normal control group,inflammatory pain model group, positive control(dexametha-sone,0.5 mg/kg)group and resveratrol(100,50 and 25 mg/kg)groups(10 mice in each group).In order to observe the anti-inflammatory pain effects of reseratrol on mice,the paw withdrawal mechanical threshold,paw withdrawal thermal latency and cold withdrawal times were detected.In order to analyze the mechanism of analgesic effect of resveratrol, the expression levels of NF-κB, inhibitor of NF-κB(IκB)α, inhibitor of NF-κB kinase(IKK)β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-αand interleukin(IL)-1βin the spinal cord tissues(L4 ~L6)of the mice were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot.RESULTS:The resveratrol at 100 and 50 mg/kg increased the paw withdrawal mechanical threshold,pro-longed the paw withdrawal thermal latency,and decreased the cold withdrawal times in the inflammatory pain mice(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The resveratrol at 100 mg/kg down-regulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of NF-κB, IκBα,IKKβ,TNF-αand IL-1βin the spinal cord tissues(L4~L6)of inflammatory pain mice(P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION:Resveratrol ameliorates the inflammatory pain of the mice induced by complete Freund's adjuvant.The mechanism is related to the inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway.

Distribution of missense mutation rs20541C/T polymorphism of interleukin-13 gene in Guangxi population / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To analyze the distribution characteristics of IL-13 gene rs20541C/T site polymorphism in Guangxi population and compare the distribution differences among different populations.Methods: IL-13 genotypes were examined by using SNaPshot technique and DNA sequencing in 275 Guangxi people and analyzed the distribution frequencies of allele and genotype in this site.The result compared with the allele and genotype of other populations(Europeans,Beijingers,Japanses and Africans).Results:The polymorphism of rs20541C/T of IL-13 gene in Guangxi population existed.The genotype frequencies of CC,CT and TT were 40.0%,46.2% and 13.8% respectively.The frequencies of C and T allele were found to be 63.1% and 36.9%.The polymorphism had no significant difference between male and female(P>0.05).Compared rs20541C/T of IL-13 gene with those of HapMap-CEU, HapMap-YRI and Tianjin people,the distribution frequency of genotypes was significantly different(P<0.05).In this site,there were significant differences of allele frequency when compared with the other five populations(P<0.05).Conclusion: There are different degrees of diversity of rs20541C/T polymorphism of IL-13 gene among different races and regions.

Genetic polymorphisms of RTN4 gene in Chinese Guangxi population / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the distribution characteristics of rs 2920891A/C and rs17046647A/G poly-morphisms of RTN4 gene in Guangxi population , and to compare the differences among different populations .METHODS:The genotypes of RTN4 gene at rs2920891A/C and rs17046647A/G in 323 healthy persons of Guangxi were performed by the technique of SNaPshot and DNA sequencing .The results were compared with the alleles and genotypes of other popula-tions (HapMap-CEU, HapMap-HCB, HapMap-JPT and HapMap-YRI in HapMap).RESULTS: In Guangxi population, 3 genotypes, AA, AC and CC, and 2 alleles, A and C, were found in rs2920891A/C.The allele frequencies between male and female showed significant differences (P<0.05).The genotype and allele frequencies compared with HapMap-JPT, HapMap-CEU and HapMap-YRI had differences with statistical significance ( P<0.05 ) .Three genotypes , AA, AG and GG, and 2 alleles, A and G, were found in rs17046647A/G.The genotype and allele frequencies between male and female showed no significant differences (P>0.05), but there were significant differences of the genotype and allele frequencies as compared with HapMap-JPT, HapMap-CEU and HapMap-YRI (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: The rs2920891A/C and rs17046647A/G polymorphisms of RTN4 gene in Chinese Guangxi population are different from those in other races .